National Socialism

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The term National socialism has been used in self-description by a number of unrelated political movements. It may refer to:

Nazism, the political ideology of the German Nazi Party of the 1930s to 1940s. Since World War II, the term "National Socialism" (capitalized) is almost always used to refer to German Nazism in the context of Western political or historical discussions. It has also been adopted or applied to the ideology of descendent groups, generally called Neo-Nazism. Its application to any groups that are not related to the Nazis - including all socialists and most nationalists - is considered inaccurate and pejorative. Nevertheless, the word is often used as an insult by people across the political spectrum to refer to their opponents. See also the fallacy of reductio ad Hitlerum (which consists of labeling something as "evil" simply because it was supported by the Nazis, without a rational discussion of its merits and faults).
In Austria-Hungary (May 1918), the Austrian Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (D.A.P.) changed its name to the Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (D.N.S.A.P.). See Austrian National Socialism.
The Sudeten German National Socialist Party was formed by members of the DAP as a result of the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
The Czech National Socialist Party (later the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party) was founded in 1898 and was a moderate, liberal, nationalist party. Czechoslovakia's Foreign Minister Edvard Beneš was its vice-chairman until he resigned to become a non-partisan president.
In the mid-to-late 1920s the term national socialism was occasionally used by Trotsky as an epithet to describe Stalin's and Bukharin's theory of socialism in one country (see also Stalinism). This use of the term was not meant as an allusion to German Nazism (particularly since Nazism was relatively unknown outside Germany at the time).

For a complete list of parties of various ideologies that have used the term national socialist in their name, see National Socialist Party.

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