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See also the Empire of Mali and the town of Mali, Guinea.
The Republic of Mali (République du Mali) is a landlocked nation in West Africa. It is the second largest country among West African nations. It borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its straight borders on the north stretch into the centre of the Sahara desert, while the country's south, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. Formerly French Sudan, the country is named after the Empire of Mali.
République du Mali
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National motto: Un peuple, un but, une foi
(French: One people, one goal, one faith) |
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| Official language |
French (official), Bambara, others |
| Capital |
Bamako |
| President |
Amadou Toumani Touré |
| Prime Minister |
Ousmane Issoufi Maïga |
Area
- Total
- % water |
Ranked 23rd
1,240,000 km²
1.6% |
Population
- Total (2002)
- Density |
Ranked 68th
11,340,480
10.9/km² |
Independence
- Date |
From France
September 22, 1960 |
| Currency |
CFA Franc |
| Time zone |
UTC 0 |
| National anthem |
Pour l'Afrique et pour toi, Mali (For Africa and for You, Mali) |
| Internet TLD |
.ml |
| Calling Code |
223 |
History
Main article: History of Mali
The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France on September 22, 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. Upon his reelection in 1997, President Konaré pushed through political and economic reforms and fought corruption. In 2002 he was succeeded in democratic elections by Amadou Toumani Touré.
Politics
Mali's constitution provides for a multi-party democracy, with the only restriction being a prohibition against parties based on ethnic, religious, regional, or gender lines. The National Assembly is the sole legislative arm of the government. It currently consists of 147 members. Representation is apportioned according to the population of administrative districts. The government has a 5 year term.
Regions
Main article: Regions of Mali
Mali is divided into nine regions, including the capital district of Bamako:
Geography
Main article: Geography of Mali
Mali is landlocked and has a subtropical to arid climate. It is mostly flat, rising to rolling northern plains covered by sand, with savanna around the Niger River in the south. The hills of the Air Massif and Djado Plateau lie in the northeast. Most of the country lies in the Sahara Desert, which produces a hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons and leads to recurring droughts. The nation has considerable natural resources, with gold, uranium, phosphates, kaolin, salt and limestone being most widely exploited.
See List of cities in Mali
Economy
Main article: Economy of Mali
Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export. In 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform, and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994, has pushed up economic growth. Several multinational corporations increased gold mining operations in 1996-1998, and the government anticipates that Mali will become a major Sub-Saharan gold exporter in the next few years.
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Mali
Culture
Main article: Culture of Mali
Miscellaneous topics
External links
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News
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