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Locative is a case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative case.
The locative case in various languages
The locative case exists in many languages, e.g. the Altaic, Indo-European, and Uralic languages.
Indo-European languages
The locative case (called prepositional case in Russian) is found in:
Turkish
The locative case exists in Turkish. For instance, in Turkish, elim means: my hand, and elimde means in my hand, so using de and da suffixes, the locative case is marked.
Finnish
In Finnish, there are two sets of local cases. Instead of the locative, the Finnish language has the inessive, which indicates a location inside of a place, and the adessive, which indicates a location outside of a place. The ancient Uralic locative is still used in some expressions in modern Finnish, e.g.
- ulkona 'outside'
- kotona 'at home'.
In the Finnish grammar, the locative is included in the essive case. Its ending is -na/-nä.
Inari Sami
In Inari Sami, the locative suffix is -st.
- kyeleest 'in the language'
- kieđast 'in the hand'.
Hungarian
In the Hungarian language, nine such cases exist, yet the name locative case refers to a form (-t/-tt) used only in a few city/town names along with the Inessive case or Superessive case. It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and postpositions. It is no longer productive.
Examples:
- Győrött (also Győrben), Pécsett (also Pécsen), Vácott (also Vácon), Kaposvárt and Kaposvárott (also Kaposváron), Vásárhelyt (also Vásárhelyen)
- itt (here), ott (there), imitt, amott (there yonder), alatt (under), fölött (over), között (between/among), mögött (behind) etc.
The town/city name suffixes -ban/-ben are the inessive ones, and the -on/-en/-ön are the superessive ones.
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