1814

1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).

Events

• January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel
• January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne
• January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
• February - Congress of Chatillon - see George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
• February 1 - Mayon Volcano, in the Philippines, erupts, killing around 1,200 people; most devastating eruption of Mayon Volcano
• February 11 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union
• February 14 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps
• February 18 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau
• March 7 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne
• March 9 - the USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean.
• March 10 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France
• March 27 - War of 1812: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
• March 31 - Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy Paris
• April 4 or April 6 - Emperor Napoleon abdicates.
• April 10 - the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse
• May 3 - Duke of Provence, future Louis XVIII of France returns to Paris
• May 5 - British-American War (War of 1812): The British attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York.
• May 17 - Norway's new constitution signed at Eidsvoll
• May 17 - Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands
• May 30 - The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.
• July 5 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.
• July 24 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
• July 25 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
• August 13 - signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
• August 24 - War of 1812: British troops burn Washington, DC.
• August 28 - Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight.
• September 11 - USS Ticonderoga is victorious in the Battle of Lake Champlain
• November 28 - London The Times newspaper becomes the first to be printed on a steam-powered press.
• December 24 - peace treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 between United States and Britain.

• Missionaries attempt to write down the Maori_language
• George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blutcher
• John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons
• John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital
• Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley
• Guyana transferred from Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed "British Guiana"
• In England, the last hanging under the Black Act - William Potter for cutting down an orchard - even the judge petitioned for reprieve

Ongoing events

• Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Peninsular War/Sixth Coalition
• War of 1812 (1812-1815)

Births

• January 27 - Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (b. 1879)
• April 3 - Lorenzo Snow, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)
• April 21 - Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d. 1906)
• May 30 - Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)
• August 8 - Esther Morris, American suffragist and judge (d. 1902)
• August 10 - Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. 1890)
• August 13 - Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)
• August 28 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)
• September 2 - Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d. 1896)
• September 8 - Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer, historian and specialist in Mesoamerican studies (d. 1874)
• October 4 - Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)
• October 15 - Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841)
• November 6 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d. 1894)
• Tahirih, Persian Bahai heroine and early figurine of women's emancipation

Deaths

• January 27 - Philip Astley, English father of the modern circus (b. 1742)
• March 28 - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, Frrench inventor of the guillotine (b. 1838)
• May 29 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (b. 1763)
• July 19 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. 1774)
• August 21 - Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (b. 1753)
• August 31 - Arthur Phillip, British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)
• September 8 - Queen Marie Caroline of Austria, consort of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and de facto ruler (b. 1752)
• October 19 - Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright (b. 1728)
• November 23 - Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States of America (b. 1744)
• December 2 - Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer (b. 1740)